导电聚合物复合材料在交通领域的研究进展

Research progress of polymer-based conductive composites in the field of transportation

关键词:  交通领域  导电复合材料  聚合物基体  制备工艺  机敏性能  传感

Key words:  transportation sector  conductive composite material  polymer matrix  preparation process  sensitive performance  sensing

摘要:

聚合物基导电复合材料以其优异的导电性能、与基体结构协同变形的特性,以及原位监测功能在交通领域的研究和应用日益受到重视。为推动应用并厘清当前研究的关键问题和未来发展方向,综述了近年来聚合物基导电复合材料在交通领域的研究进展。首先,从材料组成与制备工艺入手,分析各种基体材料（聚丙烯、环氧树脂等）、导电填料（碳纳米管、石墨烯,以及金属颗粒等）对复合材料综合性能的影响作用,探讨了不同制备技术（溶液混合、熔融共混法等）对复合材料综合性能的调节作用。其次,综述了聚合物基导电复合材料的性能测试,分析其温敏和力敏等功能特性随温度场、力场等复杂环境因素的影响规律。随后,探讨了聚合物基导电复合材料的导电机理,重点分析如何通过不同的导电填料分散和相互作用来实现导电性增强。最后,介绍了聚合物基导电复合材料作为传感器的实际应用,探讨其在交通基础设施以及智能交通管理等方面的应用实例及其实际效果。基于当前研究成果与技术挑战,可以看出,聚合物基导电复合材料在交通领域广泛应用的可能性和潜在的发展空间,同时,也需要注意聚合物基传感器在耐久性和实用性等方面仍存在一定的技术难题和提升空间。

Abstract:

Polymer-based conductive composites have garnered increasing attention in the field of transportation, owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity, synergistic deformation characteristics with matrix structures, and in-situ monitoring capabilities. To facilitate their broader application, elucidate prevailing research challenges as well as prospective development trajectories, this research provided a comprehensive review of recent advances in polymer-based conductive composites within the transportation domain. Firstly, viewing from the material composition and preparation process, the influences of various matrix materials (such as polypropylene and epoxy resin) and conductive fillers (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and metal particles et.) on the comprehensive performances of composite materials were analyzed, and the regulatory effects of different preparation techniques, such as solution mixing and melt blending method, on the comprehensive performance of composite materials were discussed. Secondly, the performances characterization of polymer-based conductive composites were reviewed, delineating how functional properties, such as temperature sensitivity and mechanical responsiveness, vary under complex environmental factors like temperature and force fields. Thirdly, the conductive mechanisms underlying polymer-based composites were then explored, with a focus on how the dispersion and interaction of distinct conductive fillers contribute to enhanced conductivity. Finally, the practical applications of these composites as sensors were presented, emphasizing their deployment in transportation infrastructure and intelligent traffic management, along with an assessment of their operational efficacy. Based on the current research findings and technical challenges, it is evident that polymer-based conductive composites hold substantial promise for widespread application in transportation. Nevertheless, the challenges concerning sensors durability and functionality warrant further innovation and improvement.