虚拟现实技术的建筑外部形态优化方法

Optimization for external morphology of buildings based on virtual reality

关键词:  建筑设计优化  虚拟现实  空间认知  既有建筑改造

Key words:  architectural design optimization  virtual reality  spatial cognition  renovation of existing buildings

摘要:

为探索存量背景下老旧建筑改造的建筑设计方法,以深圳市罗湖区梧桐山社区老旧建筑改造项目为例,结合心理物理学理论与虚拟现实(VR)技术,探究VR作为设计媒介的可能性。利用数字化模型及头戴式VR交互系统设计VR感知实验,收集场地内16个单体建筑改造方案的主观偏好评价,同时提取方案在形体构成、界面构成与景观构成层面的10项设计影响要素。借助SPSS相关性分析设计要素与人群偏好的相关性,了解人群对老旧建筑改造要素的关注偏好。实验结果表明,景观配置、院落配置、界面明度、体块丰富度、D/H值、屋顶开阔度与人的空间认知偏好显著相关,基于实验结果对设计方案提出优化策略。在建筑外部形态设计优化中使用VR技术,有助于设计者理解使用人群的空间认知逻辑,本文提出多方协同的互动设计优化流程为相关的设计实践提供参考。

Abstract:

To explore architectural design methods for the renovation of old buildings within the context of existing stock, this study uses the renovation project of the old buildings in the Wutongshan Community of Luohu District, Shenzhen, as a case study. By integrating psychophysical theory with virtual reality(VR) technology, the research investigates the potential of VR as a design medium. A VR perception experiment was designed using digital models and a head-mounted VR interaction system. Subjective preference evaluations were collected for 16 renovation schemes of individual buildings within the site. Additionally, 10 design influencing factors were extracted across three dimensions: form composition, interface composition, and landscape composition. Using SPSS for correlation analysis, the study examines the relationship between design elements and public preferences to understand the factors that attract public attention in the renovation of old buildings. Results indicate that morphology elements such as landscape configuration, courtyard configuration, interface brightness, block richness, D/H value, and roof visual width in the scheme are significantly correlated with human spatial cognitive preferences. Based on the experimental results, the optimization strategy of the design scheme is proposed. Using VR technology in optimizing the external form design of buildings helps designers understand the spatial cognitive mechanisms of users. This paper proposes an interactive design optimization process through multi-party collaboration, which can be used as a reference for related design practices.