| 引用本文: | 武继文,单潇清,尤世界,刘冰峰,林生强,马放.净化槽工艺水冲厕系统处理寒区乡村黑灰水效能[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2025,57(6):43.DOI:10.11918/202408044 |
| WU Jiwen,SHAN Xiaoqing,YOU Shijie,LIU Bingfeng,LIN Shengqiang,MA Fang.Treatment efficiency of black and gray water in cold rural areas using johkasou-based flush toilet system[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2025,57(6):43.DOI:10.11918/202408044 |
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| 净化槽工艺水冲厕系统处理寒区乡村黑灰水效能 |
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武继文1,2,单潇清1,2,尤世界1,2,刘冰峰1,2,林生强3,马放1,2
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(1.哈尔滨工业大学 环境学院,哈尔滨 150090;2.城乡水资源与水环境全国重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学), 哈尔滨 150090;3.黑龙江博通管业有限公司,哈尔滨 150056)
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| 摘要: |
| 针对黑龙江寒冷地区农村分散式水冲厕所粪污处理效率低及运行不稳定等问题,通过微生物复合菌剂的投加提高运行稳定性及粪污处理效果。对黑龙江地区农村家庭实地运行的水冲厕系统进行长期监测,分析“黑水”和“灰水”处理过程中出水水质的变化,包括化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）质量浓度及粪大肠杆菌数的变化情况。结果表明:处理“黑水”过程中,COD去除率最高可达91.53%,氨氮去除率保持在80%以上,总磷去除率在63.85%~82.00%波动；处理“灰水”过程中,COD去除率达81.95%~90.08%,氨氮去除率最高达91.11%；复合菌剂显著降低了出水中的粪大肠菌群数,去除率达90%以上。细菌群落结构分析显示,复合菌剂的应用优化了微生物结构,有效富集了Acinetobacter和Psychrobacter等耐冷微生物。复合菌剂在寒区农村厕所粪污处理中的应用不仅提高了污染物去除效率及运行稳定性,还为寒区农村厕所改造和粪污处理提供了科学依据和技术支持。 |
| 关键词: 复合菌剂 净化槽水冲厕 黑水 灰水 寒区农村 |
| DOI：10.11918/202408044 |
| 分类号:X705 |
| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA22B003) |
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| Treatment efficiency of black and gray water in cold rural areas using johkasou-based flush toilet system |
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WU Jiwen1,2,SHAN Xiaoqing1,2,YOU Shijie1,2,LIU Bingfeng1,2,LIN Shengqiang3,MA Fang1,2
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(1.School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Urban-rural Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology), Harbin 150090, China; 3.Heilongjiang Botong Pipeline Industry Co., Ltd., Harbin 150056, China)
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| Abstract: |
| This study addressed the challenges of low efficiency and operational instability in decentralized flush toilet waste management in rural areas of Heilongjiang, a cold region in China. By introducing a microbial composite agent, we aimed to enhance the stability and quality of effluent. Through long-term monitoring of flush toilets in rural households, we analyzed the water quality changes in the treatment of "black water" and "gray water", focusing on parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform content. The results showed that during black water treatment, COD removal rates reached as high as 91.53%, with ammonia nitrogen removal consistently above 80%, and total phosphorus removal rate fluctuating between 63.85% and 82.00%. In gray water treatment, COD removal rates ranged from 81.95% to 90.08%, and ammonia nitrogen removal peaked at 91.11%. Additionally, the composite agent significantly reduced fecal coliform counts in the effluent, achieving a removal rate over 90%. Bacterial community structure analysis revealed that the application of the composite agent optimized microbial composition, effectively enriching cold-tolerant microbes such asAcinetobacterandPsychrobacter. This study demonstrated that the use of microbial composite agents in rural toilet waste treatment in cold regions not only improved pollutant removal efficiency and operational stability but also provided a scientific basis and technical support for the renovation of rural toilets and fecal waste management in cold regions. |
| Key words: composite microbial agent johkasou-based flush toilet black water gray water cold rural areas |
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