Abstract:In order to explore the stability of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process and the setting of related parameters in the intermittent starvation based on hydraulic screening, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used for the CANON process. Flocculent sludge was periodically discharged through hydraulic screening, and intermittent starvation was performed on it to inhibit the growth and reproduction of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The adjustment of two parameters (sedimentation time and starvation period) was investigated to realize the stable operation of CANON process. Experimental results show that sedimentation time had great impact on the particle size distribution and functional bacteria activity. A sedimentation time of more than 1.5 min could basically retain the ANAMMOX bacteria in the reactor. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were distributed in flocculent sludge and granular sludge, and NOB was mainly distributed in the flocculent sludge with low mass transfer resistance. The activity decay rate of AOB during hypoxic starvation remained basically stable, while NOB was more sensitive in the face of hypoxic starvation, and the activity decay rate of NOB was greater than that of AOB. In the recovery phase, since AOB has a unique mechanism to deal with starvation that it can keep the cells in a state of oxidizing NH+₄-N at the maximum rate immediately after experiencing a short-term starvation, it could reach the substrate degradation rate of 0.097 g/(g·d) when the inlet water has been fed for 3 d, which was 86% of the pre-starvation rate. However, NOB could not quickly adapt to the changes in the environment, causing its activity recovery rate to lag behind AOB. When the reactor was operated in the mode of 4 d starvation and 3 d recovery, NOB was effectively suppressed that the NO-₃-N in the effluent showed a downward trend. Afterwards, the intermittent starvation period was adjusted to 4 d starvation and 5 d recovery, which improved the activity of AOB and the treatment effect was further enhanced. Entering the stable stage, the average values of effluent NH+₄-N and NO-₃-N were 2.69 and 7.79 mg/L respectively, and the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen reached 96% and 79% respectively. The use of hydraulic screening and intermittent starvation CANON process to treat low-ammonia nitrogen wastewater has stable operation performance, and the effluent meets the first-level A standard specified in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918—2002).

Abstract:Due to the changes in soil moisture content and deformation caused by weather changes, there is a correlation between weather temperature and failures of urban water distribution pipelines. Based on the failure records of pipelines and weather temperatures of a northern China city, the correlations between different weather temperature indicators and water mains failures were analyzed. The failure prediction models of water distribution pipelines considering weather temperature factors were established using error back propagation neural network (BPNN) and genetic expression programming (GEP) methods. According to the failure records of water distribution pipelines, pipeline geographic information, and weather temperature records of the case city in the past 11 years, the correlations among pipeline failures and six weather factors were analyzed, including average temperature, freezing indicator, maximum increase, maximum decrease, maximum increase rate, and maximum decrease rate. BPNN and GEP were used to establish the implicit and explicit relationships between the number of pipeline failures (i.e., the dependent variable) and four explanatory variables (the selected weather temperature indicator, the diameter, age, and length of pipelines). The explicit and implicit models were used to predict the number of pipeline failures in the case city in the next year. The determination coefficients of the prediction results of the model without considering weather factors were 0.65 and 0.60 respectively, while those considering weather factors were 0.78 and 0.88, where the prediction accuracy increased by 13% and 28%. Therefore, it is reasonable and effective to establish a failure prediction model of water distribution pipelines by considering weather factors.

Abstract:To meet the requirements of the daily management of water supply systems for short-term water demand prediction timeliness, a kernel-based extreme learning machine model (KELM) was established, which requires short training time. From the perspective of improving the prediction accuracy, a residual correction module based on the Fourier series (FS) was constructed, which was used to model the difference between the initial predicted value and the observed value of water demand, and the residual correction of the initial predicted value was completed. The module was superimposed on the KELM model to form the hybrid prediction model (KELM+FS). The performance of the models was tested using real water demand data. Experimental results show that the KELM model could produce similar prediction accuracy as the artificial neural network model and the support vector regression model, but the prediction time was only about 5% of the average time of the two models. Compared with the KELM model, the relative prediction accuracy of the hybrid model KELM+FS was improved by about 12% without significantly increasing the prediction time. Therefore, when applied to short-term water demand prediction, both the single model KELM and the hybrid model KELM+FS could achieve the goal of improving the prediction efficiency.

Abstract:To analyze the reliability of water distribution networks (WDNs) more precisely, taking account of the supply-demand relationship between demand nodes and water sources, a method was proposed for pipe vulnerability assessment of WDNs based on weighted edge betweenness (WEB). First, the demand proportions of all demand nodes and the supply proportions of all water sources were used to determine the total importance weight of the K shortest paths between the demand nodes and the water sources, and then an importance weight was allocated to each of these paths according to their resistance. The WEB indicator of a pipe was defined as the sum of the importance weights of all K shortest paths passing through it, which can be used to evaluate its vulnerability. Using four indicators i.e., WEB, classical edge betweenness, demand shortfall ratio, and water age increment ratio, two WDNs with different properties were evaluated and compared. Experimental results show that WEB could better screen out fragile pipes than classical edge betweenness. Deliberate attack simulations for the two WDNs show that using WEB attack strategy could make WDNs fail faster compared with classical edge betweenness attack strategy, which indicates that WEB has higher sensitivity. Network optimization experiments based on WEB further verified its guiding effect for improving the robustness of WDNs.

Abstract:To develop an efficient and low-cost electrochemical oxidation system, a flow-through electrochemical oxidation process was designed based on a Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode. The material properties of the Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The degradation kinetics of orange II in flow-through and non-flow-through electrochemical oxidation modes were analyzed. The effects of pipeline pressure, current density, initial pollutant concentration, and solution pH on the electrochemical oxidation of orange II in the flow-through mode were investigated. The cycling stability of the Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode was tested, and the catalytic mechanism of the Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode was revealed. Results showed that the Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode had high crystal purity, high specific surface area (10.18 m²/g), concentrated pore size distribution (0.1-1.0 μm), and high oxygen evolution potential (2.2 V vs. SHE). The flow-through electrochemical oxidation mode could enhance the liquid-phase mass transfer of pollutants to the electrode surface, accelerating the electrooxidation of pollutants. The degradation rate of orange Ⅱ in flow-through electrochemical oxidation mode was 91.03% and the current efficiency was 88.77%. In the flow-through mode, the pipeline pressure and current density had positive correlation with the degradation rate of orange Ⅱ. Orange Ⅱ with different initial concentrations (10-50 mg/L) could all be effectively degraded in the flow-through electrochemical oxidation mode, with the optimum pH ranging between 3 and 7. The cycling stability of the Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode was high. ·OH and SO-₄· were the main oxidants in the electrochemical oxidation process of Ti₄O₇ porous membrane electrode.

Abstract:Noble metal-based electrocatalysts are the key materials to promote the technical development of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, the single catalytic function towards oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution and the prohibitive cost restrict their extensive application. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop non-noble metal-based bi-functional electrocatalysts with low-cost and high-efficiency. In this study, taking core-shell metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors, cobalt/nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst (Co/Co₃O₄@NGC) was fabricated using high-temperature calcination technology, with a core-shell structure, high catalytic activity, and high conductivity. Results show that the calcination temperature was the key factor affecting the micro-nano structure, physicochemical composition, and catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst. The optimal temperature of calcination was 900 ℃. The fabricated electrocatalyst (Co/Co₃O₄@NGC-900) had a clear core-shell structure and 3D-dodecahedron morphology with Co/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and Co-N_x sites on its micro-surface. In addition, Co/Co₃O₄@NGC-900 inherently combined the synergistic effects of both multiple active ingredients (e.g., active Co/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles, Co-N_x, and N dopants) and highly graphitized carbon substrates, and thus exhibited efficient oxygen reduction performance (ORR, onset potential of 0.89 V, half-wave potential of 0.82 V, Tafel slope of 58.1 mV/dec, and charge transfer resistance of 26.6 Ω) and oxygen evolution performance (OER, overpotential of 410 mV, Tafel slope of 132 mV/dec, and charge transfer resistance of 24.5 Ω). Therefore, Co/Co₃O₄@NGC-900 exerted electrocatalytic performance comparable to that of typical noble metal-based electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt/C, RuO₂/C), and achieved significant reduction of catalyst fabrication cost on the premise of ensuring its high-efficient electrocatalytic activity, providing theoretical and technical support for the fabrication and application of innovative MOFs derived electrocatalytic materials.

Abstract:In view of the frequent detection of atrazine (ATZ) in water body, which is a recalcitrant herbicide, zero-valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS/Fe⁰) was proposed to remove the ATZ in water. The effects of operation parameters (pH value, initial ATZ concentration, and PMS and Fe⁰ dosages) on ATZ degradation were investigated. Then the reactive species in PMS/Fe⁰ system were in-situ identified based on the competitive reactions of nitrobenzene (NB) and ATZ, and the formula for radical production ratio was derived under steady-state assumption. Finally, the degradation of ATZ by PMS/Fe⁰ was investigated under simulated groundwater condition. Results show that the pseudo-first order rate constant (k_obs) of ATZ degradation decreased with increasing pH value and initial ATZ concentration, and increased with increasing Fe⁰ dosage. While it increased first and then decreased as the PMS dosage increased, reached the maximum at 25 μmol/L PMS. The competition experiment shows that sulfate radical (SO-₄·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were reactive species in PMS/Fe⁰ system, and the production ratio of the two radicals was calculated to be 10.5∶1. ATZ degradation efficiency could reach 87% at 0.25 g/L Fe⁰ and 25 μmol/L PMS under simulated groundwater condition, indicating the prospective performance of PMS/Fe⁰ under groundwater conditions. The research results can provide theoretical reference for PMS/Fe⁰ applications in remediation of atrazine-polluted groundwater.

Abstract:Influent water quality conditions are the key elements required to investigate and optimize the management of sewage treatment plants, and timely acquisition of influent water quality data is of vital importance. In view of the fact that five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), a key water quality indicator of sewage plants, is difficult to directly detect and has strong hysteresis, four methods including the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), grid search algorithm (GS) optimized support vector regression (SVR), particle swarm optimization (PSO) improved SVR, and genetic algorithm (GA) improved SVR were adopted to establish soft sensing models of influent BOD₅ by using the mathematical relationship between BOD₅ and other influent parameters to achieve the rapid determination of influent BOD₅. A sewage plant in Heilongjiang province was taken as the research object, and the performance of the four machine learning models was compared to find a soft sensing method suitable for the prediction of influent BOD₅. Results show that the prediction results of the soft sensing model based on SVR were better than that based on BP-ANN, and the GA optimized SVR model had the highest accuracy, which provides reference for the real-time monitoring of BOD₅ and convenient management of sewage treatment plants.

Abstract:To improve the assessment of human exposure to pollutants, the exposure of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Harbin was investigated, and the daily dermal intake of PBDEs with various phases and particle sizes was evaluated. Using size-resolved G/P partitioning equation and dermal intake formula, a method that can predict the size-dependent daily dermal intake of particulate PBDEs in atmosphere was proposed. The daily dermal intake of atmospheric PBDEs in Harbin was 71.6 pg/d, where the dermal intake of particulate PBDEs was similar to that of gaseous PBDEs, with their intakes 32.8 and 38.8 pg/d respectively. The dermal intake of BDE-209 was dominant. Considering the effects of the total suspended particle concentrations, the dermal intake of PBDEs was higher during heating period than that during non-heating period. The dermal intake of particulate PBDEs was dominated by the coarse particles, and the mass transfer coefficient was the main factor. It was the first time that this study explored a method to predict the size-dependent dermal intake of particulate PBDEs. The method was verified by using the monitored data in Harbin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, which proves that the derived size-resolved G/P partitioning equation under steady state can be well applied to predict the size-dependent dermal intakes of particulate PBDEs.

Abstract:Boarding school is one of the places where people usually live in densely crowed conditions. In order to control the risk of COVID-19 epidemic in boarding schools, five levels of practicable pandemic prevention measures and their effects on infection risks in five typical campus living scenes, including going to washroom, going out, going to class, having meal, and returning to dormitory were proposed, and the susceptible-infective (SI) model based on statistics and probability hypotheses was developed. Then the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among students in 14 days were simulated in two typical apartment types: four-person dormitory with two public washrooms on each floor (apartment A) and six-person dormitory with a private washroom (apartment B). Results show that for apartment A, once there was an infected person, the epidemic spread rapidly in the whole building even under the most stringent prevention and control measures (level V). While for apartment B, when the most stringent prevention and control measures (level V) were taken, the epidemic could be controlled within the range of less than 10 people in two weeks. In addition, full vaccination would significantly inhibit the infection rate, and the number of washrooms would no longer be a significant factor. Even if no prevention and control measures were taken, the number of infected people would decrease significantly, and the number of persons in one dormitory became the main factor affecting the spread of the virus. The research results can provide information support for campus epidemic prevention and control.

Abstract:A composite phase change material was prepared with butyl stearate as phase change material and expanded perlite as adsorption medium, and then it was mixed with cement and tailings to make phase change energy storage filling body. In order to explore the strength and thermal performance of the phase change energy storage fillings, phase change energy storage fillings with different ratios of ash to sand, mass fractions, and additive amounts of mass fractions of composite phase change materials were prepared, and the strength characteristics, thermal conductivity, and microscopic characteristics of phase change energy storage fillings with different ratios were obtained by DSC, SEM, uniaxial compression test, Brazilian splitting test, and thermal conductivity test. Research results show that there were three kinds of pore structures in the phase change energy storage filling body: tiny bubbles, bonding cracks between cementing materials and composite phase change materials, and porous structures in expanded perlite. The strength of the filling body prepared with the ratio of lime to sand of 1∶6 was about 1/2 of that of the filling body of 1∶4. When the mass fraction increased from 68% to 72% at the same ratio, its intensity increased approximately linearly. The strength of the backfill gradually decreased with the increase of the additive amount of composite phase change material, but the downward trend slowed down with the continuously increase of the amount of composite phase change material. Compared with butyl stearate, the phase change temperature of the composite phase change material decreased by 1.1 ℃, the enthalpy of phase change decreased by 45.24 J/g, and the specific heat capacity remained unchanged. After adding the composite phase change material, the thermal conductivity of the phase change energy storage filling body decreased by 6.5%.

Abstract:The coal and roadway of isolated island working face are affected by surrounding mining disturbance, and the unloading confining pressure of coal mass shows dynamic failure characteristics under cyclic loading and unloading. In order to explore the mechanical characteristics of coal under different load paths, the conventional triaxial (T), triaxial cyclic load (TC), and corresponding unloading confining pressure (TU, TCU) tests were carried out by TAW-2000 three-axis electro-hydraulic servo rigid testing machine. The strength, deformation, acoustic emission (AE) events, and energy dissipation characteristics of coal under different confining pressures were analyzed. Research on the unloading characteristics of coal in disturbed area was carried out. Results show that the strength of fitting regression under TCU was lower than that under TU, higher than that under TC. Under the stress path of unloading confining pressure (TU, TCU), the AE peak value lagged behind the stress peak value, and the AE ringing counts increased sharply at the failure point of coal sample, which was higher than that under conventional triaxial (T, TC). During the cycle processes (TC, TCU), when the stress level reached 70% of the peak strength, Kaiser effect gradually disappeared and Felicity effect appeared. In the cyclic loading and unloading (TC) test, the relative stress level reached 60%, the damage of coal sample was aggravated, and the proportion of elastic strain energy decreased gradually. The larger the confining pressure was, the smaller the impact energy index was; the order of impact energy index from small to large was: triaxial cyclic load (TC)

Abstract:To explore the influence of viscoelastic joint on the propagation law of stress waves in rock mass, the Poyting-Thomson model was introduced as the discontinuous displacement condition, and based on the time-domain recursive method, the propagation equation of the stress waves through a set of parallel viscoelastic joints was derived. Then, the time-domain recursive numerical solutions obtained by degrading the Poyting-Thomson model to the Maxwell model and the Kelvin model were compared with the existing closed-form solutions in the frequency domain to verify the validity of the derivation process. Finally, the influences of relevant parameters were further analyzed. Results show that the non-dimensional coefficients, joint thickness, joint spacing and incident angle of the model all affected the wave propagation. For a single joint, the transmission and reflection coefficient along with the energy dissipation rate of the stress waves mainly depended on the non-dimensional parameters, the incident angle, and the non-dimensional joint thickness of the displacement discontinuity model. For a group of parallel joints, the transmission coefficient was also related to the number of parallel joints and the size of the joint spacing. Besides, the increase in the number of joints had an obvious attenuation effect on the amplitude of the transmitted wave at the critical incident angle.

Abstract:To explore the preferential flow pathways of seepage in the fracture space, reduce the amount of calculation and make the model more practical under the premise of meeting the accuracy, according to the measured structural surface data, a three-dimensional (3D) fracture network with the same statistical characteristics as the field rock mass was generated by using the disc model, and the seepage channel was simplified to one-dimensional tube element model. The influences of reducing the calculation scale by group arrangement and full arrangement on the permeability tensor and the size of representative elementary volume (REV) were investigated respectively. The scale reduction effect was verified using practical engineering data. Results show that the reduction error of full arrangement was relatively small. When the calculation scale was reduced to 70%, the accuracy of the permeability tensor was basically unchanged. The REV size of the permeability tensor of the fractured rock mass increased with the increase of the reduction scale. There was indeed a backbone fracture network skeleton with larger diameter fractures controlling the seepage characteristics, and sufficient accuracy of the permeability tensor could still be ensured when the calculation scale of the fracture network was reduced to a certain extent.

Abstract:Artificial ground freezing is a common green construction method for strengthening the strata of soft clay in coastal areas. Due to the large-scale and complexity of underground excavation, the artificial ground freezing is faced with more complicated seepage situations. By extending the three-dimensional rigid ice model of the segregation frost heave theory, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling frost heave and thawing settlement model considering water migration was established to simulate artificial freezing under complex seepage environments. Based on the model, simulation was carried out by using COMSOL finite element, and results were compared with the experimental data of the indoor model of the same size, so as to verify the applicability of the model in the freezing of combined stratum (soft clay, silt fine sand) in complex seepage environment. Simulation results show that under combined formation conditions, seepage reduced the thickness of the freezing curtain when freezing was stable; when the speed was greater than 1.2 m/d, the freezing curtain could not reach the design thickness; the frost heave force on the side of the freezing curtain near the seepage boundary increased slowly and the maximum value was low; seepage caused uneven settlement on the ground, and the settlement in the downstream area was greater. Finally, the verified model was used to simulate and predict the construction of the freezing method under the action of combined stratum seepage, and the grading standard of the tunnel safety freezing method combining the combined stratum seepage factors was proposed to provide the basis for the construction safety and early warning of the freezing method in more complicated coastal seepage environments.

Abstract:Affected by the complex engineering environment in cold regions, it is difficult to predict the water and heat states of saline soil, and the research of the interaction process among water, heat, and salt is the core and foundation of frozen soil to reveal the mechanism of frost heave and salt heave. In this study, the crystallization temperature range of sodium sulfate saline soil was obtained through indoor test, the water-heat-salt interaction calculation model of saline soil during a cooling process was established, and the accuracy of the calculation model was verified. Results show that the crystallization temperature varied with initial salt content of soil samples; the salt crystallization for the soil samples with high initial salt content was at positive temperature, while that for the soil samples with low initial salt content was at negative temperature. The water-heat-salt interaction calculation model proposed based on the physical phenomena could effectively predict the variations of temperature, unfrozen water content, amount and distribution of sodium sulfate crystallization during a cooling process. The salt would migrate through the sodium sulfate saline soil when the crystallization occurred during a cooling process, which could increase the salt concentration and the amount of crystallization. Besides, the salt migration ability varied with initial salt content; the soil samples with high initial salt content had more salt crystallization in positive temperature range, and those with low initial salt content had strong salt migration ability in the temperature range of -4 ℃ and -6 ℃.

Abstract:During the casing penetration process, soil squeezing effect has a negative effect on the quality of the construction, which forces the soil around the pile to deform. Based on the large deformation finite element (LDFE) analyses using remeshing and interpolation technique with small strain (RITSS), a numerical model of pipe pile penetrating in soft clay was established, and numerical results were compared with field test data to verify the accuracy of the model. Then, a parametric study was carried out to examine the influences of pipe tip geometries and soil strength on the characteristics of soil movement induced by casing penetration. Results show that by taking the penetration depth of L_p/R=8 as the critical point, it could be divided into shallow penetration mode and deep penetration mode during the process of pile casing penetration. The soil flow mechanism was different in different penetration areas. The horizontal displacement of the soil and the soil heave outside the pile were closely related to the angle of the spudcan. According to the numerical simulation results, based on the casing penetration results of the commonly used spudcan (β=60°, w_p=0.01 m) in practice, formulas for predicting horizontal displacement and soil heave were proposed. Compared with field test data, the proposed formulas could effectively predict the soil deformation around the pile. The research findings provide a theoretical guidance for the design and construction of cast-in-situ concrete piles (PCCs).

Abstract:The foundations of offshore wind turbines are often subjected to horizontal load (H), bending moment (M), and vertical load (V). The monopile-friction wheel hybrid foundation is an innovative type of foundation for offshore wind turbine, which combines the advantages of both monopile foundation and gravity foundation. In order to investigate the bearing characteristics of the monopile-friction wheel hybrid foundation under combinedloading conditions, a series of model tests were conducted based on the in-house designed experimental equipment. The horizontal load-displacement curves and the bending moment distributions of the pile shaft were determined under different V-H loading conditions in stiff-over-soft soil deposits through model tests. By dimensionless treatment and fitting process, the envelopes of bearing capacity and the corresponding simplified formula were obtained. Then, based on the model tests, several groups of numerical models were established, and numerical simulations were conducted for parametric analysis. Results show that the bearing performance of the monopile-friction wheel hybrid foundation underV-H loading conditions was significantly improved compared with that of the monopile foundation in stiff-over-soft soil deposits. The pre-applied V had the most obvious enhancement effect on the horizontal and bending moment bearing capacities of the foundation when it reached about (0.5-0.6)V_u under V-H combined loadings. In engineering practice, the relationship between the loading conditions and the computed failure envelopes can provide guidance for foundation design, and the bearing performance of monopile-friction wheel hybrid foundation can be evaluated through the empirical formula proposed in this study.

Abstract:Usually there is an inclined installation angle for an end-expanded ground anchor due to the requirement for soil layer selection, yet its influence on the pullout capacity of the ground anchor is not fully considered in the current practice. Based on the previous study and adopting the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory, expressions for the ultimate earth pressure on the expanded end and its pullout capacity were derived for an end-expanded ground anchor considering the inclined angle effect, and the relationship between the ultimate earth pressure on the expanded end and the inclined angle was explained under the conditions of different soil cohesions, angles of internal friction, and burial depths of the expanded end according to the basic mechanical mechanism. Research results show that the ultimate earth pressure on the expanded end decreased with increasing inclined angle in soil when the coefficient of earth pressure at rest was less than or equal to 1, and it increased with increasing inclined angle in soil when the coefficient of earth pressure at rest was larger than 1. The cohesion made the ultimate earth pressure on the expanded end less sensitive to the inclined angle due to its isotropic nature, while the angle of the internal friction and the burial depth of the expanded end made the ultimate earth pressure on the expanded end change in a complex way due to their anisotropic nature. For regular soils with coefficient of earth pressure at rest less than or equal to 1, the current practice in the specification that the pullout capacity of an inclined anchor practically adopts the one of the corresponding horizontal anchor may lead to unsafe design. The related expressions and rules can provide references for the design of anchoring engineering with end-expanded ground anchors.

Abstract:In order to obtain the movement law and characteristics of the "10·10" Baige landslide, based on the three zones (initiation zone, accumulation zone, and impact zone) and six stages of motion (instability and failure of the main body, initiation of traction zone, high-speeding slide in the air, impact on the opposite shore, turn-backing collision and jet of water and sand, and secondary slip of the pileup dam) of the Baige landslide, the accumulation state of landslide debris body and its impact shape in the other side of the river (in Sichuan Province) were analyzed. Adopting the calculation method proposed by Sheidegger and the energy transformation calculation method, five characteristic points considering impact height were selected to calculate the velocity of landslide debris body during each motion stage. Results show that the landslide initiated with a velocity of 2.2 m/s, and the velocity of the landslide body increased constantly from the initiation zone to the shear outlet. The maximum velocities of the five characteristic points were H₁ 67.0 m/s, H₂ 73.0 m/s, H₃ 73.7 m/s, H₄ 73.2 m/s, and H₅ 68.3 m/s, respectively. When the sliding body in the traction zone reached the shear outlet, the velocity was 70.2 m/s. The velocities in main slide zone and resistance zone gradually decreased from the middle to both ends, and the velocity was the highest in the main sliding direction of the landslide, up to 73.7 m/s. The energy released at least 10^10.8 J when the whole sliding body moved, causing vibration equivalent to the surface bedrock earthquakes of 4.0 to 4.7 magnitudes. The study of the motion characteristics of "10·10" Baige landslide on the basis of the geomorphic features of landslide impact will deepen the understanding of the kinetic mechanism of Baige landslide and provide reference for the prediction, mitigation, and prevention of similar geohazards.