交替极混合磁路记忆电机多磁化状态优化设计及减振降噪

Multi-magnetization optimization design and vibration-noise reduction of consequent-pole hybrid magnetic circuit memory motor

摘要:

针对记忆电机电磁特性调控与振动噪声抑制问题,本文提出新型复合拓扑结构:定/转子开辅助槽,采用NdFeB-AlNiCo混合型永磁体构建动态磁路,配合分段Halbach充磁构型。首先,建立记忆电机等效磁路解析模型及瞬态电磁机械耦合有限元模型,求解振动噪声解析表达式；其次,针对多种磁化状态下的不同性能要求,设计基于参数灵敏度权重的极端工况分级优化策略,根据所提方法对拓扑结构参数进行优化；最后,进行电磁结构声学多物理场耦合仿真分析。电磁性能验证结果表明,优化后的电机在宽域调磁范围内保持稳定转矩输出特性。研究结果表明:与原型电机相比,改进方案在显著提升多磁化状态电磁性能的基础上,有效抑制了定子齿部的振动加速度峰值,降低了声压级,并可有效规避共振频率,从而实现了电机声振特性的整体优化。

Abstract:

To address the challenges of electromagnetic characteristics regulation and vibration-noise suppression in memory motors, this paper proposes a novel composite topology structure. This design incorporates auxiliary slots in both the stator and rotor, utilizes NdFeB-AlNiCo hybrid permanent magnets to construct a dynamically reconfigurable magnetic circuit, and employs a segmented Halbach magnetization configuration. First, an equivalent magnetic circuit analytical model and a transient electromagnetic-mechanical coupled finite element model are established for the memory motor, enabling the derivation of analytical expressions for vibration and noise. Second, accounting for diverse performance requirements under multiple magnetization states, a hierarchical optimization strategy based on parametric sensitivity weighting is developed for extreme operating conditions. Using this method, the structural parameters of the proposed topology are optimized. Finally, multiphysics co-simulation integrating electromagnetic, structural, and acoustic domains is performed. Electromagnetic validation results demonstrate that the optimized motor maintains stable torque output characteristics across a wide flux-regulation range. Comparative studies reveal that compared to the baseline motor, the proposed design significantly enhances electromagnetic performance under multiple magnetization states while effectively suppressing peak vibration acceleration in stator teeth, reducing sound pressure levels, and achieving superior resonance frequency avoidance characteristics. This approach comprehensively optimizes the motors vibroacoustic behavior.