复合材料火箭喷管预制体成形工艺研究进展

Research progress on the forming process of composite rocket nozzle preforms

摘要:

喷管作为火箭、导弹发动机的核心构件,其复合材料预制体的成形工艺直接影响产品的性能和可靠性。针对复合材料可设计性强、种类繁多,导致喷管预制体成形工艺多样,且缺乏系统性归纳的问题,本文系统梳理了一维缠绕、三维针刺、三维编织3种典型成形工艺,对比分析了各工艺的核心原理、技术特性,深入探讨了成形质量的关键影响因素及不同工艺的优势与局限,明确了各类工艺适宜制造的零部件预制体类型,并展望了未来复合材料喷管成形工艺的发展趋势。本研究可为火箭复合材料喷管预制体成形工艺的科学选型提供参考,为复合材料在航空航天动力高端装备领域的高性能应用提供技术支撑,助力先进飞行器动力系统实现升级迭代。

Abstract:

As a core component of rocket and missile engines, the forming process of composite nozzle preforms directly determines the performance and reliability of the final product. The design flexibility of composite materials has resulted in numerous forming techniques for rocket nozzle preforms, but a systematic summary is still lacking. This work reviews three typical forming processes (1D winding, 3D needling, and 3D braiding), comparing their principles, technical features, and key factors affecting preform quality. The advantages and limitations of different processes are discussed in depth, the types of components suitable for each process are clarified, and we offer a brief outlook on future development in composite nozzle preform manufacturing. This study provides a comprehensive reference for selecting suitable forming processes for composite rocket nozzle preforms. It offers technical support for the high-performance application of composite materials in high-end aerospace power equipment and helps drive the upgrading and iteration of next-generation aircraft power systems.