MXene材料在交通领域的应用进展

Advances in the application of MXene materials for the transportation field

摘要:

为推动二维过渡金属碳氮化物MXene材料在交通领域的应用,文中系统梳理了MXene的制备方法、材料分类及其在交通领域的研究进展,详细介绍了氢氟酸刻蚀法、原位生成氢氟酸刻蚀法、熔融盐刻蚀法、电化学刻蚀法,以及碱刻蚀法等在内的多种合成手段,深入探讨了多孔凝胶结构、薄膜、织物与球形颗粒等构型设计策略对材料多功能协同的调控机制,全面总结了MXene材料在开发高效光热除冰道路涂层、提升交通基础设施防腐蚀性能以及构建轻质高性能电磁屏蔽交通材料等方面的突破性应用。研究表明:MXene材料通过多维结构设计,可实现73.1%的超高光热除冰效率、金属腐蚀速率下降2个数量级、电磁屏蔽效能突破10⁵ dB·cm²·g^-1,但其在交通领域的规模化应用仍面临绿色制备成本高、长期稳定性不足,以及缺乏智能响应的难题,未来研究可聚焦智能响应与自适应功能的开发,以推动MXene材料从实验室阶段迈向实际工程应用。本研究可为推动交通基础设施智能化升级与绿色可持续发展提供系统性的理论参考与技术支撑。

Abstract:

To promote the application of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides MXene materials in the transportation field, this research reviews the preparation procedures, material classifications, and recent applications progress related to the transportation-engineering. Various synthesis techniques are introduced, including hydrofluoric acid etching, in-situ hydrofluoric acid etching, molten salt etching, electrochemical etching, and alkali etching. The mechanisms underlying the formation and control of porous gels, films, fabrics, and spherical particles, and their impact on the multifunctional performance of MXene-based materials, are discussed thoroughly. Key breakthroughs in MXene materials applications are summarized, highlighting their roles in developing efficient photothermal de-icing coatings for roads, improving the corrosion resistance of transportation infrastructure, and constructing lightweight, high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials for transport systems. Results show that, MXene materials can achieve ultra-high photothermal de-icing efficiency of 73.1%, reduce metal corrosion rates by two orders of magnitude, and attain electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness exceeding 10⁵ dB·cm²·g^-1. However, their large-scale application in the transportation sector still faces challenges such as high costs of green preparation, poor long-term stability, and a lack of intelligent response. Future research should focus on developing intelligent response and adaptive functionalities to facilitate the transition of MXene materials from laboratory research to practical engineering applications. This literature review can provide the theoretical references and technical support for promoting the intelligent upgrading and green sustainable development of transportation infrastructure.