枢纽机场港湾区航空器编组推出优化方法

Optimization method of aircraft grouping pushback in hub airport harbor apron areas

摘要:

为改善机场港湾区航空器传统推出模式下推出效率低与机位资源利用率不充分的问题,提出考虑尾流吹袭影响的机场港湾区航空器编组推出方法。考虑港湾区机坪特殊结构、港湾区航空器推出方式与航空器尾流吹袭的影响,确定港湾区航空器编组推出的流程与模式,定义航空器“极限推出间距”的概念,建立不同场景下航空器尾流吹袭影响范围与影响程度的量化约束条件。综合考虑编组策略、推出策略与牵引策略的前提下,建立考虑最小化航空器编组时间与推出时间的港湾区航空器编组推出优化模型。由于模型为复杂非线性规划模型,求解难度较大,开发两阶段线性迭代算法进行求解。最后以天津滨海国际机场实例开展案例分析,划分港湾区分区并标定模型中的特定参数,优化结果表明:较传统单一推出模式,现状年与2030规划年优化后的编组推出策略使所有航空器的总推出时间分别下降17.48%与33.56%,进一步考虑航班量减少50%与增加50%的两种场景,可以得出航空器编组推出的优化效果随航空器推出架次的增加不断提升。研究成果将对大型枢纽机场港湾区航班推出效率的改善与机坪容量的提升提供决策支持。

Abstract:

To address the inefficiencies of pushback operation and the inadequate utilization of stand resources under traditional pushback mode in airport harbor areas, a grouping-based aircraft pushback method considering wake turbulence is proposed. Considering the special apron layout of harbor areas, the pushback modes of aircraft, and the effects of wake turbulence, the process and pattern for grouping-based aircraft pushback operations are established. The concept of "ultimate pushback spacing" is defined, and quantitative constraints are formulated for the scope and severity of wake turbulence impacts under different scenarios. By integrating grouping strategies, pushback strategies, and towing strategies, an optimization model for grouping-based aircraft pushback in harbor apron areas is developed, aiming to minimize the total aircraft grouping and pushback times. Due to the complexity of the nonlinear programming model, a two-stage linear iterative algorithm is designed to solve it. Finally, a case study based on Tianjin Binhai International Airport is conducted. The harbor area is divided into different zones, and specific parameters in the model are calibrated. The optimization results indicate that compared to the traditional single pushback mode, the optimized grouped pushback strategy reduces the total pushback time of all aircrafts by 17.48% in the current year and by 33.56% in the planed year 2030. Furthermore, under two additional scenarios that flights are reduced by 50% and increased by 50% respectively, it is indicated that the optimization effect of grouped pushback method consistently improves with growing number of aircrafts. The findings provide decision-making support for enhancing flight pushback efficiency and apron capacity in the harbor areas of large hub airports.