电化学氧化技术在MBR中的膜污染控制研究与应用进展

Research and application advances of electrochemical oxidation technology in MBR for membrane fouling control

摘要:

膜生物反应器（MBR）已发展成为高效且成熟的市政和工业污水处理技术,基于MBR建成并投产的污水处理厂数量持续增加且规模不断扩大,但膜污染仍是MBR进一步推广和应用的瓶颈,开发高效率、低成本的膜污染控制方法是领域内的研究热点。作为一种典型的高级氧化工艺,电化学氧化（electrochemical oxidation,EO）在水环境中具有突出的净污和杀菌能力,可同步实现膜表面污染物的降解和细菌的灭活,在MBR中展现出巨大的抗膜污染潜力。近年来,基于EO的膜污染控制技术蓬勃发展,促进了MBR抗膜污染方法的创新,并引发了对抗膜污染机制的新思考。为了紧跟MBR快速发展的步伐,迫切需要对EO在MBR中膜污染控制的研究和应用进行全面总结和讨论。介绍了EO的工作原理并分析了电化学氧化MBR（eMBR）中产生活性氧自由基并抑制膜污染的多种途径；根据国内外的最新研究进展,从电极装载方式、电极与滤膜的结合方式、电极的制备材料等角度系统讨论了eMBR的运行模式和抗膜污染效果；总结了EO抑制膜污染的影响因素及其实际应用的现存挑战；对eMBR的未来研究进行了展望,对其进一步优化与创新提出了建议。

Abstract:

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has developed into efficient and mature technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment technologies. The wastewater treatment plants based on MBR are established and put into production all over the world with continuously increasing amount and expanding scale. As membrane fouling remains the bottleneck in wider spread and application of MBR, development of high-efficiency and low-cost methods for membrane fouling control has become a research hotspot in the field. As a typical advanced oxidation process, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is widely competent in pollutants decontamination and bacteria disinfection in aqueous environment, exhibiting attractive antifouling potential in MBR by simultaneous foulant degradation and bacteria inactivation on membrane surface. In recent years, the flourishing EO-based technologies for membrane fouling control have accelerated the innovation of antifouling methods in MBR and highlighted new thought on antifouling mechanism. To keep pace with the rapid development of MBR, comprehensive summarization and discussion of EO for antifouling research and application in MBR are urgently needed. This review firstly introduces the working mechanism of EO, and analyzes various ways involved in generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of membrane fouling in electrochemical oxidation MBR (eMBR). Based on the latest research progress both domestically and internationally, the operational modes and antifouling performance of eMBR were systematically discussed from the perspective of loading methods of electrode, combining methods of electrode and membrane, and fabricating material of electrode. The influencing factors of EO in inhibiting membrane fouling and existing challenges for practical application were summarized. Finally, future research prospects in eMBR were discussed and suggestions on further optimization and innovation were provided.