北极地区水环境中PPCPs的污染现状研究进展

Review of PPCPs pollution in water environments of the Arctic region

摘要:

药物及个人护理产品（PPCPs）是一种国内外广泛关注的新污染物,其在北极地区水环境中的出现引起了多国政府与环保组织的高度重视。通过归纳北极地区水环境中PPCPs的来源、浓度、分布及归趋,发现近北极地区的河流输送、大气与海洋长距离传输、废液的直接排放和污水处理厂排放是PPCPs进入北极地区水环境的主要途径。北极地区水环境中典型的PPCPs为抗癫痫药、非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）、抗抑郁药、兴奋剂和增塑剂,其具有“假性持久性”,相似于非北极地区水环境中PPCPs的环境行为。目前,有关北极地区PPCPs污染控制技术、北极地区淡水环境中PPCPs污染水平的调查、北极地区水环境中PPCPs的性质以及环境行为等方面的研究有待加强。

Abstract:

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a new pollutant of widespread concern at home and abroad, and their presence in the water environment of the Arctic region has attracted great attention of governments and environmental organizations. The source, concentration, distribution, and fate of PPCPs in the Arctic water environments were reviewed in this paper. The river transportation from pan-Arctic regions, long-distance transportation by the atmosphere or the ocean, direct discharge of waste liquids, and residues from sewage treatment plants were found as the main pathways for PPCPs entering into the Arctic water environments. The antiepileptic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antidepressants, stimulants, and plasticizers were typical PPCPs in the Arctic water environments, and they had "pseudo-persistence", which were similar to the environmental behavior of PPCPs in the water environments of the non-Arctic regions. At present, researches on the pollution control technology of PPCPs in the Arctic region, the pollution level of PPCPs in the Arctic freshwater environment, the physical and chemical properties of PPCPs in the Arctic water environments and their environmental behaviors need to be improved.