职住分布与轨道交通网络的耦合效应分析

Coupling effects analysis of jobs-housing distribution and rail transit network

摘要:

为促进城市轨道交通网络与城市空间结构在功能上的协同发展,基于多源数据利用空间联立方程解析职住空间结构形态与轨道交通网络的空间交互关系。采用职住自足性指数测度职住平衡,并提出基于实际路网改进的高斯两步移动搜索（2SFCA）法计算轨道交通可达性；利用空间联立方程揭示了职住平衡与轨道交通可达性的空间交互效应；引入局部空间自相关探讨了西安市职住空间和轨道交通网络的耦合关系。结果表明:基于实际路网距离的高斯2SFCA法能够更合理地评价轨道交通可达性；区域职住平衡和轨道交通可达性存在互馈作用；两者自身均存在正向空间溢出效应,且两者之间存在正向交互空间溢出效应；从局部耦合效应来看,强化西安市主城区北部和西南部的轨道交通规划与建设,通过城市轨道交通对城市发展的引导作用,优化城市空间结构。研究结果揭示了城市轨道交通网络与职住空间交互作用的规律,可发挥城市轨道交通对优化城市空间布局的合理引导。

Abstract:

For the coordinated development of urban rail transit network and urban spatial structure, a spatial simultaneous equation was utilized based on multi-source spatiotemporal data to analyze the spatial interaction between jobs-housing spatial structure and rail transit network. The jobs-housing self-contained index was employed to measure the urban jobs-housing balance. On the basis of the actual road network, the Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method was used to calculate the accessibility of rail transit stations. A spatial simultaneous equation was utilized to reveal the spatial interaction effect between jobs-housing balance and rail transit accessibility. The spatial autocorrelation analysis was introduced to explore the coupling between the urban jobs-housing space and the rail transit network in Xi′an. Results show that the Gaussian 2SFCA method based on the actual road network can evaluate the accessibility of rail transit more reasonably. There is mutual feedback effect mechanism between regional jobs-housing balance and rail transit accessibility: both of them have positive spatial spillover effect, and there is a positive interaction spatial spillover effect between them. From the perspective of local coupling effect, the planning and construction of rail transit in the north and southwest of the main urban area of Xi′an should be strengthened. The urban spatial structure can be optimized through the guidance of urban rail transit on urban development. The research results can reveal the interaction between urban rail transit network and jobs-housing space and play a reasonable role in guiding urban rail transit to optimize urban spatial layout.