铁路路堑区域风吹雪防雪栅效果研究

Effect of snow fence in railway cutting area under action of snow-drifting

摘要:

为了减小风吹雪作用所致的积雪沉积对铁路线路的影响,并研究防雪栅发挥最大防护效应的结构形式与布置距离,建立了基于欧拉多相流方程的风吹雪数值分析模型,根据工程实例验证了数值模型的适用性；研究了不同孔隙率和高度的防雪栅,以及不同防雪栅布置距离下铁路路堑内外和栅两侧的雪量变化特征,并通过L16(4⁵)的正交试验得到影响路堑内外沉积雪量的主要因素。研究结果表明:所建立的数值模型在路堑内外和防雪栅两侧积雪分布形态与现场试验段保持了较好的一致性；防雪栅结构形式主要影响路堑外的沉积雪量,而路堑内雪量主要受防雪栅与路基间的作用距离影响；防雪栅上风侧沉积长度约为20 m,下风侧雪量沉积长度通常是防雪栅高度的10~12倍；正交试验中不同防雪栅结构与作用距离的组合下路基顶面风吹雪所致的雪量最多减少了26.17%。根据防雪栅与路堑之间的作用距离,可以通过调整防雪栅孔隙率和高度改变积雪沉积量和沉积位置来增加防雪栅的作用效果。

Abstract:

To reduce the effect of snow deposition on railway lines caused by snow-drifting and study the structure and layout of snow fences that can have maximum protection effect, a numerical analysis model of snow-drifting based on Euler multiphase flow model was established, and the applicability of the numerical model was verified by an engineering example. The variation characteristics of snow amount inside and outside the railway cutting area and on both sides of the snow fence were investigated under the conditions of different porosities, heights, and layout distances of snow fences. Through L16 (4⁵) orthogonal test, the main factors affecting the volume of snow deposition inside and outside the railway cutting area were obtained. Results show that the snow distribution patterns of the proposed numerical model inside and outside the cutting area and on both sides of the snow fence were consistent with those in the field test section. The structure of snow fences mainly affected the snow volume deposited outside the cutting area, while the main factor affecting the amount of snow inside railway cutting area was the distance between snow fence and roadbed. The distance of snow deposition on the windward side of the snow fence was about 20 m, and that on the leeward side of the snow fence was generally 10–12 times of the height of the snow fence. In the orthogonal test, the optimal combination of snow fence structure and layout distance could decrease the snow volume on the top of roadbed caused by snow-drifting by at most 26.17%. According to the distance between snow fence and cutting area, the snow deposition amount and position could be changed by adjusting the snow fence porosity and height to increase the effect of the snow fence.