顾及供需关系的供水管网管段脆弱性评价

Pipe vulnerability assessment of water distribution networks considering supply-demand relationship

摘要:

为了更精细地分析供水管网可靠性,考虑需求节点与水源的供需依赖关系,提出基于加权边介数的管段脆弱性评价方法。首先使用需求节点的需求占比和水源的供应占比,确定节点和水源之间K最短路径的总重要性权值,然后根据这些路径的阻力对重要性权值进行分配。对途经某条管段的全部K最短路径的重要性权值进行求和后,即得到该管段的加权边介数,用来评价其脆弱性。使用加权边介数、经典边介数、欠缺供应量比和水龄增长比4种指标,对不同类型的两个供水管网进行评价和对比分析,结果表明,加权边介数比经典边介数能更好地筛选出脆弱管段。针对两个供水管网的蓄意攻击模拟显示,相比经典边介数,使用加权边介数作为攻击策略能使管网更快失效,表明后者具有更高敏感度。基于加权边介数的管网优化实验进一步验证了该指标对提高管网可靠性的指导作用。

Abstract:

To analyze the reliability of water distribution networks (WDNs) more precisely, taking account of the supply-demand relationship between demand nodes and water sources, a method was proposed for pipe vulnerability assessment of WDNs based on weighted edge betweenness (WEB). First, the demand proportions of all demand nodes and the supply proportions of all water sources were used to determine the total importance weight of the K shortest paths between the demand nodes and the water sources, and then an importance weight was allocated to each of these paths according to their resistance. The WEB indicator of a pipe was defined as the sum of the importance weights of all K shortest paths passing through it, which can be used to evaluate its vulnerability. Using four indicators i.e., WEB, classical edge betweenness, demand shortfall ratio, and water age increment ratio, two WDNs with different properties were evaluated and compared. Experimental results show that WEB could better screen out fragile pipes than classical edge betweenness. Deliberate attack simulations for the two WDNs show that using WEB attack strategy could make WDNs fail faster compared with classical edge betweenness attack strategy, which indicates that WEB has higher sensitivity. Network optimization experiments based on WEB further verified its guiding effect for improving the robustness of WDNs.