机动车非职业驾驶人事故倾向性测评方法

Evaluation method for accident proneness of non-professional motor vehicle drivers

摘要:

为了科学筛选出不同事故倾向性的驾驶人,使道路交通安全教育更具有针对性,通过设计适用于机动车非职业驾驶人的调查问卷及量表,分析甄别影响驾驶人事故倾向性的因素,对其进行权重值计算。 通过模糊数学模型构建隶属函数,完成驾驶人事故倾向性的分级测评方法,并使用收集的道路交通事故数据验证分级测评方法的合理性。 研究结果表明:筛选出驾驶人年龄、驾驶频率、违规操作得分、平稳型驾驶人格、机敏型驾驶人格和日常工作及驾驶环境六大影响因素,并通过驾驶人事故倾向性量表与隶属度函数可有效辨别具有不同等级事故倾向性的驾驶人,分数落在(0,3.5]表示该驾驶人事故倾向性高,落在(73.5,4]表示该驾驶人事故倾向性较高,落在（4,0）表示该驾驶人事故倾向性普通。 通过实例验证,表明该方法可以有效筛选出不同事故倾向性的机动车驾驶人,为驾驶人培训与安全教育提供参考。

Abstract:

To scientifically screen out drivers with different accident proneness and make road traffic safety education more targeted, this paper designs a questionnaire and scales suitable for non-professional drivers of motor vehicles, analyzes and identifies factors influencing driver′s accident proneness, and calculates corresponding weight values. The fuzzy mathematics model was used to construct membership function so as to complete grading evaluation of driver′s accident proneness, and the rationality of the grading evaluation method was verified via collected road traffic accident data. Results show that six influencing factors including driver′s age, driving frequency, illegal operation score, stable driving personality, smart driving personality, as well as daily work and driving environment were screened out. Driver′s accident proneness scales and membership function could effectively identify drivers with different levels of accident proneness. When the score was within (0,3.5], the driver′s accident proneness was high; when the score was within (73.5,4], the driver′s accident proneness was relatively high; when the score was within (4,0), the driver′s accident proneness was ordinary. It was verified by examples that the proposed method can effectively screen out drivers with different accident proneness and provide reference for driver training and safety education.