基于列车到发分布的高速铁路车站到发线运用优化

Optimization of train platform utilization at high-speed railway stations based on arrival and departure distribution of trains

摘要:

针对高速铁路车站到发线运用计划编制问题,提出了一种基于分时段多目标的到发线运用优化模型和改进的快速非支配排序遗传算法（non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ）。首先,考虑咽喉区进路与到发线的耦合关系,根据列车到发分布特征对研究时段进行划分,以到发线利用均衡、计划鲁棒性强和客运服务质量为优化目标,应用整数规划方法构建到发线运用优化模型。然后,引入约束支配原则,设计了带精英策略的改进算法。最后,以京沪高铁某车站的实际运行数据为例进行仿真验证。计算结果表明,在平峰时段,到发线占用费用比原方案降低了16.98%,有效提升了客运服务质量；在高峰时段,到发线占用时间方差和总冲突系数比原方案降低了48.57%和29.81%,明显提高了车站的设备利用率和到发线运用计划的鲁棒性；与整体优化方法相比,分时段优化方法能更有针对性地降低各项优化目标的函数值。因此,充分考虑列车到发分布因素对到发线运用问题的影响,可以有效改善优化指标,为制定不同繁忙程度下的车站作业方案提供决策支持。

Abstract:

To solve the problem of the arrival-departure track utilization planning for high-speed railway stations, an optimization model of train platform utilization based on time segment and multi-objective optimization and an improved fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ) were proposed. First, considering the coupling relationship between the arrival-departure tracks and the routes in the throat area, the study period was divided according to the arrival and departure distribution characteristics of the trains. Taking the utilization balance of the train platform, strong planning robustness, and passenger service quality as the optimization objectives, an optimization model of train platform utilization was established by integer programming method. Then, an elite strategy with feasible solutions was designed by introducing constraint domination principle. At last, the actual operation data of a station on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was taken as an example for simulation verification. Calculation results show that the occupancy cost of the train platform was reduced by 16.98% compared with the original scheme in the normal peak period, which significantly improves the quality of passenger service. During the rush hour, the variance of the occupation time of the platform and the total conflict coefficient were reduced by 48.57% and 29.81% compared with the original scheme, which significantly improves the equipment utilization rate and the robustness of the arrival-departure track utilization plan. In comparison with the overall optimization method, the time segment optimization method could be more targeted in reducing the function value of the optimization objectives. Therefore, considering the influence of train arrival and departure distribution factors on the train platform utilization, it can effectively improve the optimization factors and provide support for making station operation plans during different busy periods.