形态类型学视角下小城镇居住街区能耗模拟

Energy consumption simulation of small town residential blocks from the perspective of typo-morphology

摘要:

城镇街区能耗不仅与建筑单体相关,也与群体形态密切相关.为探讨小城镇居住街区空间形态对街区能耗的影响,以浙江省长兴县为例,根据中心城区居住街区样本研究分析小城镇居住街区形态特征,提取出典型居住街区空间形态类型的5个典型容积率.随后从形态类型学的视角,依据小城镇居住街区的形态特征,以5个典型容积率生成了5种“基本形态”和17种“衍生形态”,最后通过数值模拟的方法对其进行两步能耗模拟,分别分析小城镇居住街区物质形态与非物质形态对居住街区能耗的影响表现.研究结果表明:小城镇居住街区类型中,多层板式能耗强度最低,低层独栋式能耗强度最高.混合式居住街区为最适合小城镇的居住街区模式,同等容积率下通过两类住宅混合,并将较高楼层的住宅建筑置于较低楼层住宅建筑北侧可降低街区能耗强度.采用正南正北行列式布局也更有利于居住街区节能.小城镇居住街区物质形态与非物质形态两方面都不可忽视,规划建设过程中应通过对物质形态的控制间接调控其非物质形态因素,从而起到节能效果.

Abstract:

Energy consumption in cities and towns is related to the individual building and also the group morphology. In order to explore the impact of the spatial forms of small town residential blocks on energy consumption, by taking Changxing County of Zhejiang Province as an example, the morphological characteristics of small town residential blocks were analyzed according to the sample study of the residential blocks in central area, and five typical floor area ratios were extracted on the basis of spatial form types of typical residential blocks. Then, from the perspective of typo-morphology, based on the morphological characteristics of residential blocks in small towns, five “basic forms” and 17 “derived forms” were generated by the five typical floor area ratios. Finally, two-step energy simulation was carried out to analyze the influence of physical forms and immaterial forms on the energy consumption of residential blocks. Results show that the energy consumption intensity of multi-story slab building type was the lowest, and that of low-rise single building type was the highest. The mixed residential block was the most suitable residential block mode for small towns. Under the same floor area ratio, the energy consumption intensity of the block could be reduced by mixing the two types of residential buildings and placing the higher story residential buildings on the north side of the lower floor residential buildings. It is also more conducive to the energy saving of residential blocks by adopting the positive south and north determinant layout. In the process of planning and construction, it is necessary to adjust the factors of immaterial forms through the control of physical forms, thereby saving energy.