区域城市轴辐式货运网络模型构建与应用

Model design and application of regional hub-and-spoke freight network

摘要:

为研究区域城市轴辐式货运网络构建思路及方法,基于轴辐理论,从社会经济、运输能力、运输人才三大方面确定反映区域城市货运能力的17个技术经济指标,使用主成分分析法降维量化单体城市货运综合竞争力,明确区域范围内枢纽城市备选集. 根据计算结果,进一步引入速度指数和运费指数以改进引力模型和隶属度模型,从而更有效地量化区域城市间货运吸引力关系,明确枢纽城市辐射范围,确定分支城市隶属关系,构建区域城市运输通道体系,最终确定区域城市轴辐式货运网络空间布局. 以河南省18个地市为研究对象进行货运网络构建,结果表明:依据本模型建立的以郑州为中心、呈现“一环六枢纽七通道”空间特征的河南省轴辐式货运网络结构符合客观实际. 所建模型客观合理,能有效指导区域城市轴辐式货运网络的构建及运营.

Abstract:

To study the design methods of regional hub-and-spoke freight network, 17 technical and economic indicators that reflect regional urban freight capacity were determined from three perspectives including social economy, transportation capacity, and transportation professionals. The principal component analysis was used to quantify the comprehensive freight competitiveness of each city and determine the set of hub cities in the region. Based on calculation results, speed and cost indexes were further introduced to improve gravity model and membership model, which can effectively quantify the freight attraction between regional cities, define the influencing range of the hub city, determine the subordination of the branch city, construct the regional urban transport corridor system, and thereby help to determine the regional hub-and-spoke freight network layout. By taking 18 cities in Henan province as an example, a freight network was constructed. Results show that the obtained hub-and-spoke freight network in Henan province was in accordance with real situations, which has Zhengzhou as the center and presents the spatial characteristics of “one ring, six hubs, and seven corridors”. Therefore, the proposed model is reasonable and can effectively guide the design and operation of regional hub-and-spoke freight network.