载人潜水器深海作业舱室热舒适性分析

Thermal comfort analysis of deep-sea operating cabin of manned submersible

摘要:

为改善载人潜水器舱室热环境舒适性,采用PMV-PPD（predicted mean vote-predicted percentage of dissatisfied）热舒适性模型,分析了载人潜水器任务过程中舱室热环境与舒适性变化特征.以载人潜水器低纬度海域7 000 m海试任务环境数据为基础,分析了海试下潜过程中8个典型任务阶段的舱室热环境动态变化特征,并获取关键人因数据与环境数据,利用Matlab计算获得任务过程中舱室平均热感觉指数PMV与预计不满意者的百分数PPD,通过对比PMV-PPD线型,研究了过程舱室热舒适性动态特征和分布特征,针对风速和服装热阻两个可控因素进行热舒适性优化分析.研究结果表明:载人潜水器水下任务过程中,舱室PMV值在[-2,+2]之间持续变化；任务前期热舒适性特征为偏热,任务中后期热舒适性热证为偏冷；其中84%任务阶段舱室热舒适性较差,其中79.69%的任务阶段偏冷,16%任务阶段偏热；风速v和服装热阻I_cl为密闭舱室调节热舒适性重要影响因素.针对缺少空调系统的载人潜水器,控制热环境阶段保持0.5 m/s左右风速,冷环境阶段提升0.93~1.48服装热阻可有效改善舱室热舒适性.

Abstract:

To improve the thermal environment comfort of the manned submersible chamber, the thermal environment characteristics of cabin thermal environment were analyzed by the thermal comfort model of predicted mean vote-predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PMV-PPD). Based on the cabin environment data of 7000-meter task, the dynamic environment characteristics of the typical task stage were analyzed, and the key data about human and environment were obtained. By calculation of PMV-PPD by Matlab and further comparison of the index, the thermal comfort dynamic characteristics and distribution characteristics were investigated. In addition, optimization analysis of cabin thermal comfort was carried out regarding two controllable factors, wind speed and clothing thermal resistance. Results show that the PMV value was constantly changing between [-2, +2], and the thermal comfort of the pre-mission was characterized by the heat. Among them, 84% of the mission stage cabin thermal comfort was poor, of which 79.69% was cold and 16% was hot. Wind speed v and clothing thermal resistance Icl were important influencing factors for the regulation of thermal comfort in airtight cabin. For the manned submersible system lack of air conditioning, when the wind speed maintained 0.5 m/s in the control thermal environment stage and clothing thermal resistance increased by 0.93~1.48 at the cooling environment stage, clothing thermal resistance could effectively improve cabin thermal comfort.