煤矿断层错动型冲击地压研究现状与发展趋势

Research situations and development tendencies of fault slip rockburst in coal mine

摘要:

为深入认识断层错动型冲击地压复杂的致灾机制、降低采矿过程中冲击事故的发生率，通过梳理国内外文献，系统总结和分析了国内外在断层错动型冲击地压方面的研究进展及成果.介绍了国内外一些矿山发生断层错动型冲击地压的严峻形势，并汇总了国内部分煤矿该类型冲击地压实例；从断层活化机制及其判别准则、断层错动型冲击地压理论、发生条件及其孕育过程等4个方面着重分析了断层错动型冲击地压的致灾机制；总结了断层错动型冲击地压的监测预警方法，并介绍了一些具有代表性的可用于断层错动型冲击地压预测预报的监测预警技术及其工程应用情况，包括断层错动型冲击地压监测预警与防治体系、BMS-Ⅱ型微地震监测系统、多参量实时联合监测预警系统和深部钻孔应变观测技术；论述了断层错动型冲击地压防控技术，包括区域性防御措施和局部解危措施等；在分析以上问题的同时，又提出了一些新的理论观点、见解和建议.最后，指出了当前断层错动型冲击地压研究存在的一些不足，并对该类型冲击地压未来研究的发展趋势进行了多方面展望.

Abstract:

To understand the disaster-causing mechanism of fault slip rockburst and reduce incidence of rockburst during mining process, the research progress and achievements of the rockburst are summarized and analyzed by combing literatures at home and abroad. Firstly, severe situations and some cases of the rockburst are presented and analyzed. Secondly, the disaster-causing mechanism of the rockburst is analyzed from the mechanism and criteria of fault reactivation, fault slip rockburst theories, produced conditions and generation process of the rockburst. Thirdly, the monitoring and early warning methods of the rockburst are summarized, and the monitoring and controlling technology system of the rockburst, BMS-Ⅱ type microseismic monitoring system, multi-parameter monitoring and early warning system, and deep borehole strain observation technology are presented. Fourthly, the preventing and controlling technologies for the rockburst are summarized, including regional defense measures and local relief measures. Finally, some shortcomings of the current research on the rockburst are pointed out, and the development tendencies of future research on the rockburst are prospected in many aspects.