纤维素/氧化硅有机-无机杂化复合气凝胶的研究进展

An overview on cellulose/silica organic-inorganic hybrid composite aerogels

摘要:

依据纤维素与SiO₂的复合工艺特点，综述了采用溶液浸渍法、直接混合法和逐层沉积法制备纤维素/SiO₂有机—无机杂化复合气凝胶材料的研究现状.探讨了纤维素的不同溶解或分散状态和SiO₂引入方式对形成纤维素/SiO₂复合气凝胶的影响，分析了纤维素与SiO₂之间具有的组织结构特征和结合机理，并对比了不同工艺方法获得的纤维素/SiO₂复合气凝胶材料在力学、隔热、光学、疏水性、生物等方面所呈现的性能特点.基于有机纤维素与无机SiO₂的物理化学特性，指出了两者复合时面临的问题，并对潜在的应用前景进行了展望.

Abstract:

An overview of the literatures is presented on cellulose-silica organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels. According to the technological characteristics, cellulose-silica composite aerogels can usually be synthesized by three methods, i.e. solution impregnation method, direct mixing and layer-by-layer deposition. The dissolution or dispersion of cellulose and the introducing method of silica are discussed in detail, which are important influencing factors for compositing cellulose-silica aerogels. The characteristics of microstructures and crosslinking mechanisms of cellulose-silica aerogels are analyzed, and the properties in mechanics, thermal insulation, optics, hydrophobicity and biology are compared. Based on the physical and chemical properties of organic cellulose and inorganic silica, some of composite problems are discussed and some new ideas for further development are proposed.