人行为模式对外墙内外保温节能效果的影响

Influence on energy saving effects of internal and external wall insulations for different occupant behaviors

摘要:

针对现行夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能设计标准中规定的连续用能方式与该地区实际用能情况存在严重偏离的问题，在该气候区典型城市杭州开展居民空调用能行为的问卷调研，发现本地区居住建筑普遍具有间歇用能的特点，空调开启行为受人体热感受影响，室内气温偏离人体舒适度范围越大空调开启率越高.然后，采用DeST建筑能耗模拟软件分析不同类别用能方式下居住建筑外墙内外保温的全年节能效果.结果表明，在连续用能方式下，外保温的全年节能效果优于内保温；在不考虑容忍温度的间歇用能方式下，内保温的全年节能效果优于外保温.容忍温度可变的情况下，内外保温节能效果相同的容忍温度临界点为夏季31.8 ℃、冬季13.4 ℃.当容忍温度低于临界点时，内保温节能效果更优；当容忍温度高于临界点时，外保温节能效果更优.合理规定节能设计标准中的空调运行工况是准确评价外墙保温措施节能效果的重要前提.

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of serious deviation from the actual energy consumption for the calculated energy consumption with the continuous operation mode prescribed in current design standard for residential building energy efficiency in hot summer and cold winter zone, a questionnaire survey for the use mode of air conditioner has been conducted in Hangzhou, a typical city in this climate zone. It was found that there widely exists intermittent energy consuming method in the residential buildings of this area. The air conditioning using behavior was affected by thermal feeling of human body. The greater the indoor air temperature deviates from the the human body comfort scope, the higher the air conditioning opening rate is. DeST was employed to calculate the annual energy consumption of the residential building with internal and external wall insulations under different occupant behaviors, and then the annual energy saving effects were analyzed. The results show that in continuous energy consuming method, the annual energy saving effect for external insulation is better than that for internal insulation; in intermittent energy consuming method without considering tolerate temperature, the annual energy saving effect for internal insulation is better than that for external insulation. Under the condition of variable tolerate temperature, the critical tolerate temperature point for internal and external insulation with the same energy saving effect is 31.8 ℃ in summer and 13.4 ℃ in winter. When tolerate temperature is lower than the critical point, the internal insulation has better energy saving effect; when tolerate temperature is higher than the critical point, the external insulation has better energy saving effect. The choice of reasonable insulation means in this region was greatly affected by the air-conditioning behaviors and occupants' thermal tolerance. The critical tolerate temperature for the same energy saving of the internal and external insulations is 31.8 ℃ in summer and 13.4 ℃ in winter. Therefore, setting reasonable air-conditioning behavior in the design standard for energy efficiency is an important premise for accurately evaluating the energy saving effect of exterior wall insulation measures.