国际空间站站载设备的热环境分析

Analysis on thermal environment for equipment stalled on the international space station

摘要:

为了对国际空间站(ISS)站载设备进行热分析，利用低地球轨道简化六面体航天器外热流计算公式计算了ISS的轨道外热流，分析了ISS轨道外热流随轨道参数的变化规律；并以阿尔法磁谱仪为ISS站载设备代表，利用其外热流数值模拟结果，分析了ISS部件及操作对站载设备外热流的影响.分析结果表明：ISS的轨道外热流受太阳阳光与轨道面的夹角(β)和ISS与会日点的角距(θ)变化的影响明显；ISS的固定部件对AMS的外热流影响较为稳定；在ISS的可转动部件中，右舷主散热板和左舷太阳能电池板的操作可改变AMS的外热流；ISS正常飞行姿态下的AMS外热流变化规律不适用于ISS正侧边飞行姿态.因此，β、θ、ISS部件及ISS操作均是ISS站载设备外热流的主要影响因素.

Abstract:

For the thermal analysis of equipment installed on the international space station (the ISS equipment), this paper uses formulas of external heat flux of simplified hexahedral spacecraft in the low earth orbit to calculate the external heat flux of the ISS, and analyzes the variation characteristics of the external heat flux of the ISS with orbital parameters. Based on the AMS heat flux model, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is used as an example of the ISS equipment to analyze the impacting factors of external heat flux of the ISS equipment. The results show that the external heat flux of the AMS varies with the solar beta angle and the angular distance between the ISS and Sun-ISS junction. For different solar beta angles, the thermal effect by the fixed parts of the ISS on the AMS is stable. Operations of the ISS port solar arrays, the main starboard radiator can change the external heat flux of the AMS. The variation of external heat flux of the AMS with the ISS normal flight attitude is different from the circumstance with ISS slide flight attitude. Therefore, the major impacting factors of the external heat flux of the ISS equipment are the solar beta angle, the angular distance between the ISS and the solar-ISS junction, the ISS configurations and the ISS operations.