客车侧翻乘员防护座椅系统

Occupant protection seat system of coach rollover

摘要:

为提高客车侧翻事故中对乘员的保护能力，减少或避免乘员损伤，根据客车侧翻中乘员的运动状态、损伤机理和损伤程度评价，提出了具有主动倾斜约束的ARS（active-tilting restraint system）安全座椅系统.结合ECE R66法规，建立了车身段结构-约束系统-乘员组合有限元模型，计算分析了客车侧翻时座椅约束系统对乘员不同运动行为状态下的乘员损伤和防护作用.与原座椅系统的对比分析可知，ARS座椅在客车侧翻时有效地约束了乘员的运动轨迹确保其在生存空间内，避免了被撞击侧乘员超出生存空间而受到损伤，且乘员的头部和胸部等损伤指标HIC（head injury criteria）和TTI（thoracic trauma index）均得到有效改善.研究结果表明：ARS座椅在客车侧翻中施加相对于翻转运动的回正作用能有效保证乘员的生存空间，同时经约束客车乘员的运动状态提高了其损伤防护能力.

Abstract:

In order to improve the occupant protection in coach rollover accident to reduce or avoid injury of occupants, according to the occupant's body motion behaviors, injury mechanism and injury level, an ARS (active-tilting restraint system) safty seat is originally proposed. A compound finite element model (FEM) combining coach body segmental structure, restraint system and occupant is developed via the items of ECE R66 to analyze and realize different occupant injury protection capability of the two kinds of seat restraint systems, with and without the ARS. The comparative calculation and analysis results express that during coach rollover the ARS seat effectively guarantees occupant motion within residual space, avoiding occupant body impact side going beyond it to be injured; and making HIC (head injury criteria) and TTI(thoracic trauma index) improved. The research concludes that the ARS seat can keep the occupants within the residual space preventing from impacting coach body by initiative pulling back against rollover to restrain the body's motion, and enhance occupant protection of coach body.