寒区屋顶太阳能设备调查与集成设计分析

Integrated design of the solar roofs in cold regions based on a questionnaire survey on problems in current devices

摘要:

为确定影响寒区太阳能技术应用的关键因素，利用问卷调查法对哈尔滨30多个小区80位太阳能设备用户进行实地访谈，统计了被访者对屋顶太阳能设备能效、运行情况、设备成本、耗电量、屋顶结构损坏、视觉污染度、安装方便性、易跌落度和防冻性9项指标的评价.认为成本较高的占70%，存在视觉污染的占82.5%，设备防冻性差的占66.25%.这3项是当前影响寒区太阳能技术应用最迫切的关键因素（>50%）.针对上述问题，分析了屋顶集成设计需解决的主要技术问题和应对措施，并指出需借用多目标函数法进行数理统计达到多目标优化，从建筑学、结构工程和工业设计等跨学科领域联合进行太阳能屋顶集成设计.

Abstract:

This study aims to determine the key factors that influence the application of roof-mounted solar energy harvesting systems in cold regions. Based on a questionnaire survey involving 9 indexes including energy efficiency, performance, cost, power consumption, damage of roof structure, visual pollution, ease of installation, proneness of falling and anti-freezing from 80 interviewees in more than 30 solar equipment communities in Harbin, a city in the cold regions of China, it has been revealed that the high cost (70%), visual pollution (82.5%) and poor anti-freezing (66.25%) are major concerns to residents. As such, the above three emergent problems (>50%) were highly desired to be overcome for the application of solar equipment in cold regions. After exploring the main technical problems and their potential solutions, it is proposed that, in order to rationalize the design of the solar roofs, it would be of necessity to design the roof by optimizing factors through a multi-objective function approach. This integrated design would refer to technology of multi-disciplines involving architectonics, structural engineering, industrial design, et al.