冷辐射不均匀环境中人体热响应的心理学实验

Psychological study on thermal responses in asymmetrical cold radiation environment

摘要:

为了研究严寒地区外窗和外墙冷辐射对人体热舒适的影响,本文对身着冬季服装的大学生受试者进行了有冷辐射的稍凉工况、中性工况和无冷辐射的均匀工况的人体热响应心理学实验研究．在测试环境参数和生理学参数的同时,对受试者局部和整体热感觉以及热舒适进行问卷调查．结果表明:在有冷辐射的稍凉工况和中性工况中,头部和背部的热感觉无显著性差异,手部、小腿、手臂的热感觉和整体热感觉均有显著性差异;有冷辐射的中性工况的整体热感觉低于无冷辐射的均匀工况的,尽管前者室内平均温度高．当人体距外墙和外窗较近时,外墙和外窗冷辐射导致头脚温差增大,会加剧人体腿部的冷感觉,进而影响整体热感觉和热舒适．在冷辐射不均匀环境中,整体热感觉接近于人体较冷部位的热感觉,整体热舒适接近于人体最不舒适部位,即遵循“抱怨”模式．在均匀环境和冷辐射不均匀环境中,整体热感觉与整体热舒适皆线性相关．应提高人体下部如腿部的空气温度,以提高腿部的热感觉,从而提高整体热感觉和热舒适．

Abstract:

The thermal response psychology experiments were conducted for college students wearing winter clothes in three experimental conditions, overall slightly cool, overall neutral asymmetrical cold radiation and overall neutral uniform. The environmental and physiological parameters were recorded. Meanwhile, the subjects were asked to fill in the questionnaires on five local and overall thermal sensation and thermal comfort. The results show that, in the slightly cool and neutral asymmetrical cold radiation conditions, the head and back thermal sensation have no significant difference; while the hand, arm, lower leg and overall thermal sensation are different. In the neutral non-uniform condition, overall thermal sensation votes were lower than those in the uniform condition, although the mean indoor temperature of the former condition was higher. The temperature difference between head and foot increased for the subjects near the exterior window and wall because of cold radiation, which led to the people felt cold at their legs and the overall thermal sensation and comfort decreased. In the slightly cool and neutral conditions with cold radiation, overall thermal sensation followed the thermal sensation for cooler parts, and overall thermal comfort followed the most uncomfortable parts, following the “complaint” modes. In the uniform condition and asymmetrical cold radiation environments, overall thermal sensation votes and thermal comfort votes have good linear correlation. The air temperature for the lower body such as lower legs should be increased, which led to leg local thermal sensation improved, and overall thermal sensation and thermal comfort would be improved.