水质风险评价在跨界水污染预警体系中的应用

Application of water quality health risk assessment in the transboundary water pollution accidents forecasting index system

摘要:

在构建跨界水环境污染事故预警指标体系中,针对突发事故中污染物浓度的非稳态特征,对EPA推荐的水质健康风险评价模型进行了修正,并将其作为一项重要预警指标.利用松花江硝基苯污染和北江镉污染这两个近年典型跨界水环境污染事件的历史数据,进行了水质健康风险表征.结果表明,修正后的风险评价模型可操作性强,可快速定量描述突发性环境污染事件对公众健康的潜在危害程度,为跨界突发性水污染事件预警与应急处置的科学决策提供依据.

Abstract:

The water quality health risk assessment model is usually applied to the evaluation of the drinking water quality and sudden water pollution accidents. In the course of establishing the index system of transboundary paroxysmal water pollution accidents,for the non-steady state features of characteristic pollutants concentration,the traditional water quality health risk assessment model of EPA was modified as to be a significant index of our forecasting system. On the basis of this,the water quality health risk of two typical transboundary water pollution accidents: the nitrobenzene pollution of Songhua River and the cadmium pollution of North River,was calculated by utilizing the historical data. The results show that the modified model can describe the potential harmful levels to human health quickly and quantitatively,which provides the scientific evidence for trans-boundary paroxysmal water pollution accidents forecasting and its emergency treatment.